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(Added: Reductionist scientific and management methods embody two other potentially pernicious assumptions) |
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|style="padding: 10px" | '''Classical approach''' | |style="padding: 10px" | '''Classical approach''' | ||
|* Informed by a single disciplinary perspective; i.e., restricted by relatively arbitrary disciplinary boundaries (von Bertalanffy 1956, Boulding 1956). | | | ||
* Informed by a single disciplinary perspective; i.e., restricted by relatively arbitrary disciplinary boundaries (von Bertalanffy 1956, Boulding 1956). | |||
* Apply reductionist methods, which break phenomena into component parts so they can be studied or addressed independently (von Bertalanffy 1968). | * Apply reductionist methods, which break phenomena into component parts so they can be studied or addressed independently (von Bertalanffy 1968). | ||
* Ignores the importance of appreciating the interactions between the parts, and between phenomena. | * Ignores the importance of appreciating the interactions between the parts, and between phenomena. | ||
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===Reductionist scientific and management methods embody | ===Reductionist scientific and management methods embody potentially pernicious assumptions=== | ||
Mechanism and subject/object dualism often walk hand in hand, as the former involves the denial of agency to human beings, which is consistent with removing the knowing subject (who has agency) from the picture. | Mechanism and subject/object dualism often walk hand in hand, as the former involves the denial of agency to human beings, which is consistent with removing the knowing subject (who has agency) from the picture. | ||
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|style="padding: 10px" | '''Mechanism''' | |style="padding: 10px" | '''Mechanism''' | ||
|* Viewing the world as a predictable machine (Prigogine 1987), where human beings are regarded as mindless cogs within it instead of self-conscious actors whose choices (based on subjectively or inter-subjectively relevant purposes and values) may be different to those that a supposed 'expert' might make. | | | ||
* Viewing the world as a predictable machine (Prigogine 1987), where human beings are regarded as mindless cogs within it instead of self-conscious actors whose choices (based on subjectively or inter-subjectively relevant purposes and values) may be different to those that a supposed 'expert' might make. | |||
* Value conflicts may therefore confound supposedly 'optimal' or 'objectively rational' solutions (Vickers 1983, Checkland 1985). | * Value conflicts may therefore confound supposedly 'optimal' or 'objectively rational' solutions (Vickers 1983, Checkland 1985). | ||
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