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! scope="row"| Systemic | ! scope="row"| Systemic | ||
| Cybernetic approaches, such as advocated by Beer and in the socio-technical systems literature. | | Cybernetic approaches, such as advocated by Beer and in the socio-technical systems literature. | ||
| The soft systems thinking proposed by Ackoff and by Checkland could minister to problems set in systemic-pluralist problem-contexts. For example, Ackoff's 'interactive planning' exhibited, through the participative principle, a method to cope with pluralism and, through the proposed design for a 'responsive decision system', an attempt to come to terms with systemicity. | |||
| The soft systems thinking proposed by Ackoff and by Checkland could minister to problems set in systemic-pluralist problem-contexts. For example, | |||
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